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When a magnetic field is applied to a type-II superconductor, it penetrates the superconductor in a thin cylindrical line known as a vortex line. Traditional methods to manipulate these vortices are limited in precision and affect a broad area.
Red mud residue is an industrial waste product generated during the processing of bauxite ore to extract alumina for the steelmaking industry. Red mud is rich in minerals in bauxite like iron and aluminum oxide, but also heavy metals, including arsenic and mercury.
The scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) provides unprecedented spatial resolution and is critical for many applications, primarily for imaging matter at the atomic and nanoscales and obtaining spectroscopic information at similar length scales.
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas. With its global warming potential of more than 80x of CO2 over a 20-year period or more than 25x over a 100-year period, oxidizing methane to CO2 is an effective pathway to reduce its environmental impact.
Wire arc additive manufacturing has limited productivity and casting processes require complex molds that are expensive and time-consuming to produce.
The diol compound derived from fermentation broth 2,3-butanediol (BDO) can be used as a feedstock for sustainable liquid fuel generation.
No readily available public data exists for vehicle class and weight information that covers the entire U.S. highway network. The Travel Monitoring Analysis System, managed by the Federal Highway Administration covers only less than 1% of the US highway network.