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![Illustration of the intricate organization of the PKA structure, wherein different parts of the protein are connected through elaborate hydrogen bonding networks (dashed yellow lines), glued together by the hydrophobic assemblies (light blue and orange volumes)—all working together to build the functional active site. Insert shows protonation of the transferred phosphoryl group (cyan mesh) and its many interactions with water and the active site amino acid residues. Credit: Jill Hemman/ORNL](/sites/default/files/styles/list_page_thumbnail/public/2019-03/19-G00204_MR_graphic_Kovalevsky_proof5_2.png?h=b7fbb1a9&itok=wrZFNX-o)
OAK RIDGE, Tenn., March 20, 2019—Direct observations of the structure and catalytic mechanism of a prototypical kinase enzyme—protein kinase A or PKA—will provide researchers and drug developers with significantly enhanced abilities to understand and treat fatal diseases and neurological disorders such as cancer, diabetes, and cystic fibrosis.
![Using as much as 50 percent lignin by weight, a new composite material created at ORNL is well suited for use in 3D printing. Using as much as 50 percent lignin by weight, a new composite material created at ORNL is well suited for use in 3D printing.](/sites/default/files/styles/list_page_thumbnail/public/2018-P09551.jpg?itok=q7Ri01Qb)
Scientists at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory have created a recipe for a renewable 3D printing feedstock that could spur a profitable new use for an intractable biorefinery byproduct: lignin.