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The use of class A3 and A2L refrigerants to replace conventional hydrofluorocarbons for their low global warming potential (GWP) presents risks due to leaks of flammable mixtures that could result in fire or explosion.
The quality and quantity of refrigerant charge in any vapor compression-based heating and cooling system is vital to its energy efficiency, thermal capacity, and reliability.
The co-processing of cathode and composite electrolyte for solid state polymer batteries has been developed. A traditional uncalendared cathode of e.g.
This technology aims to provide and integrated and oxidation resistant cladding or coating onto carbon-based composites in seconds.
Electric vehicle drive fluids must have a high dielectric constant to avoid current leakage or even short circuits. On the other hand, lubricants should possess sufficient conductivity to allow static electricity to be released.
Ionic liquids comprising quaternary ammonium and phosphonium cations have been developed as eco-friendly lubricant additives. These additives are tailored for use in environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs) like polyalkylene glycols, vegetable oils, and synthetic esters.