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Analytical-Instrumentation

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The present invention overcomes many of the limitations of AFM cantilevers by enabling amplification of the detection of forces at the tip over a very wide range of frequencies while at the same time reducing unwanted external effects on cantilever dynamics such as stray elect

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We conceive a resistively heated probe of appropriate composition with drive electronics suitably configured that can achieved pulsed heating rates of the probe at rates of at least 10^9 deg C/s for thermal desorption of macromolecules intact from surfaces with subsequent

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The method of the present invention allows a direct measurement of a temperature gradient between two closely spaced conducting bodies, provided the separation gap is small enough to allow quantum electron tunneling and it is adjustable.

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The ORNL patented and licensed liquid microjunction surface sapling probe (LMJ-SSP) has limited ability to analyze materials from adsorbant surfaces. Solvent can be lost to the surface surface or analytes moved out from vicinity of probe by solvent flow into surface.

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Although temperature measurements on the micro- and nanoscale are greatly challenging, they are vitally important in a large number of technological processes.