Abstract
Household refrigerators provide a convenient and safe means of food preservation and storage. More than 100 million refrigerators are used in US homes, resulting in significant primary energy consumption and carbon emissions. As a greenhouse gas with a 100-year global warming potential of 1,430, R-134a has been banned in new US domestic refrigerators and freezers since 2021, and R-600a with a global warming potential of 3 is widely employed as a working fluid in the current US household refrigerator market. In this paper, benchmark testing was conducted for two 2023 refrigerators using R-600a. Moreover, the effect of representative customer use patterns, such as door opening and warm food storage, was studied to evaluate the effect on the energy consumption of the refrigerators. These results will provide background knowledge for facilitating the integration of new technologies to achieve significantly reduced greenhouse gas emissions in future efficient refrigerators.
