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We presented a novel apparatus and method for laser beam position detection and pointing stabilization using analog position-sensitive diodes (PSDs).
Faults in the power grid cause many problems that can result in catastrophic failures. Real-time fault detection in the power grid system is crucial to sustain the power systems' reliability, stability, and quality.
Water heaters and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems collectively consume about 58% of home energy use.
This disclosure introduces an innovative tool that capitalizes on historical data concerning the carbon intensity of the grid, distinct to each electric zone.
High and ultra-high vacuum applications require seals that do not allow leaks. O-rings can break down over time, due to aging and exposure to radiation. Metallic seals can damage sealing surfaces, making replacement of the original seal very difficult.
Electrical utility substations are wired with intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), such as protective relays, power meters, and communication switches.
Technologies directed quantum spectroscopy and imaging with Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering are described.