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The quality and quantity of refrigerant charge in any vapor compression-based heating and cooling system is vital to its energy efficiency, thermal capacity, and reliability.
When a magnetic field is applied to a type-II superconductor, it penetrates the superconductor in a thin cylindrical line known as a vortex line. Traditional methods to manipulate these vortices are limited in precision and affect a broad area.
Method for separating bulky solids from powders in an automated fashion. Powders are particularly challenging to work with in an automated workflow employing robots for chemical manipulation.
Standard stages for X-ray diffraction are designed to carry holders that are relatively large. This imposes a significant space constraint that can reduce the number of samples analyzed.
2,3-butanediol (BDO) is a chemical compound with many industrial uses, including as a biofuel precursor and an additive to aviation fuel. 2,3-BDO can be produced from biomass, making it a more sustainable fuel source, but it must be separated and purified before utilization.
Performance of heat exchangers greatly suffers due to maldistribution of fluid, which also impacts the performance of the entire HVAC system. One method to reduce fluid maldistribution is to improve the design of the manifold to make the flow evenly distributed.
Demand for lithium is expected to increase drastically due to the use of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries used in portable electronics and electric vehicles. An efficient method to extract lithium is necessary to help meet this demand.