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The use of class A3 and A2L refrigerants to replace conventional hydrofluorocarbons for their low global warming potential (GWP) presents risks due to leaks of flammable mixtures that could result in fire or explosion.
This technology is a laser-based heating unit that offers rapid heating profiles on a research scale with minimal incidental heating of materials processing environments.
The quality and quantity of refrigerant charge in any vapor compression-based heating and cooling system is vital to its energy efficiency, thermal capacity, and reliability.
When a magnetic field is applied to a type-II superconductor, it penetrates the superconductor in a thin cylindrical line known as a vortex line. Traditional methods to manipulate these vortices are limited in precision and affect a broad area.
The scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) provides unprecedented spatial resolution and is critical for many applications, primarily for imaging matter at the atomic and nanoscales and obtaining spectroscopic information at similar length scales.
Performance of heat exchangers greatly suffers due to maldistribution of fluid, which also impacts the performance of the entire HVAC system. One method to reduce fluid maldistribution is to improve the design of the manifold to make the flow evenly distributed.
High strength, oxidation resistant refractory alloys are difficult to fabricate for commercial use in extreme environments.
Commercial closed-cell insulation foam boards reduce their thermal resistivity by up to 30% due to gas diffusion in and out of foam cells.
Moisture management accounts for over 40% of the energy used by buildings. As such development of energy efficient and resilient dehumidification technologies are critical to decarbonize the building energy sector.
ORNL has developed a new thermal energy storage design utilizing low conductivity organic phase change materials.