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The incorporation of low embodied carbon building materials in the enclosure is increasing the fuel load for fire, increasing the demand for fire/flame retardants.
The traditional window installation process involves many steps. These are becoming even more complex with newer construction requirements such as installation of windows over exterior continuous insulation walls.
The use of class A3 and A2L refrigerants to replace conventional hydrofluorocarbons for their low global warming potential (GWP) presents risks due to leaks of flammable mixtures that could result in fire or explosion.
The quality and quantity of refrigerant charge in any vapor compression-based heating and cooling system is vital to its energy efficiency, thermal capacity, and reliability.
Performance of heat exchangers greatly suffers due to maldistribution of fluid, which also impacts the performance of the entire HVAC system. One method to reduce fluid maldistribution is to improve the design of the manifold to make the flow evenly distributed.
Commercial closed-cell insulation foam boards reduce their thermal resistivity by up to 30% due to gas diffusion in and out of foam cells.
Moisture management accounts for over 40% of the energy used by buildings. As such development of energy efficient and resilient dehumidification technologies are critical to decarbonize the building energy sector.
ORNL has developed a new thermal energy storage design utilizing low conductivity organic phase change materials.