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The use of class A3 and A2L refrigerants to replace conventional hydrofluorocarbons for their low global warming potential (GWP) presents risks due to leaks of flammable mixtures that could result in fire or explosion.
The quality and quantity of refrigerant charge in any vapor compression-based heating and cooling system is vital to its energy efficiency, thermal capacity, and reliability.
Performance of heat exchangers greatly suffers due to maldistribution of fluid, which also impacts the performance of the entire HVAC system. One method to reduce fluid maldistribution is to improve the design of the manifold to make the flow evenly distributed.
High strength, oxidation resistant refractory alloys are difficult to fabricate for commercial use in extreme environments.
Commercial closed-cell insulation foam boards reduce their thermal resistivity by up to 30% due to gas diffusion in and out of foam cells.
Moisture management accounts for over 40% of the energy used by buildings. As such development of energy efficient and resilient dehumidification technologies are critical to decarbonize the building energy sector.
The first wall and blanket of a fusion energy reactor must maintain structural integrity and performance over long operational periods under neutron irradiation and minimize long-lived radioactive waste.
ORNL has developed a new thermal energy storage design utilizing low conductivity organic phase change materials.
The technologies provide a coating method to produce corrosion resistant and electrically conductive coating layer on metallic bipolar plates for hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen electrolyzer applications.