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A resistive-glass ion drift tube is disclosed here as an ion source for controlling the kinetic energy of exiting ions. This apparatus can be used to control the mean kinetic energy and the energy distribution of externally formed ions.
A high-density plasma arc lamp (HDI) is used to apply 20-50 ms pulses of radiant energy at power levels of up to 3.5KW/cm3 in order to crystallize amorphous films, recrystallize and enlarge grain size of crystalline films, etc. with little or no effect on the substrate.
A method for producing and using composite transparent matrix structures comprising fluorescent nanoparticles embedded within a transparent matrix material for use as scintillators for detecting ionizing radiation.