Earth Systems Science

Understanding interactions between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

Scientists in the Earth System Science section at Oak Ridge National Laboratory advance scientific knowledge about how terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems interact, exchanging essential elements such as carbon, water, nutrients, and trace elements. Researchers in this section investigate complex ecological processes occurring across multiple scales of space and time, from microscopic interactions in soil to large-scale watershed dynamics.

A primary research goal is to uncover the detailed mechanisms by which plants, soil microorganisms and environmental conditions collectively shape ecosystem functions. By employing state-of-the-art experimental techniques, sophisticated modeling frameworks, and cutting-edge analytical methods, scientists gain deeper insights into ecosystem responses and dynamics. These investigations enable better predictions of ecological shifts and help develop effective strategies for ecosystem management and conservation.

Research efforts place significant emphasis on understanding biogeochemical cycles — how trace elements, nutrients, and contaminants move and transform within and between ecosystems. Through innovative observational and manipulative experiments, researchers explore how these biogeochemical processes influence broader environmental patterns and responses. Their work is crucial for predicting environmental impacts, especially related to contaminants and nutrients affecting ecosystem health and productivity.

Scientists are also advancing predictive capabilities by developing comprehensive Earth system models. These sophisticated simulations incorporate physical, biological, ecological, and human system interactions. Integrated modeling approaches specifically address watershed hydrology, allowing researchers to precisely simulate how water, nutrients, carbon, and contaminants move within watersheds. These capabilities provide science-based predictions that can inform decision makers about key issues, such as water availability, optimal siting for new energy infrastructure, and environmental management. 

Large-scale ecosystem manipulation experiments and long-term observational studies provide foundational data for these models. By actively altering ecosystem conditions in controlled experiments, scientists can test theories and refine predictions regarding how ecosystems respond to change. This approach has yielded unprecedented insights into ecosystem resilience, adaptation, and potential management practices to achieve a variety of goals.