Abstract
This paper aims to present a wide-ranging analysis of Class 3-8 commercial vehicle electrification by means of developing a framework tool which uses a quantitative method of electric vehicle energy consumption and appropriate charging considerations, as well as using the Fleet DNA statistical drive behavior data, in evaluating and accelerating feasible or market-ready MD/HD BEV technologies. In the paper, the ten representative Class 3-8 commercial vehicle electrifications have been evaluated as a function of various service coverages, including port drayage tractors, refuse trucks, delivery trucks, buses and bucket trucks. The results display all MD/HD vehicle electrifications which achieve significant energy savings and fuel cost savings. The majority of MD BEVs, with the exception of Class 3 bucket trucks, achieve less than a 5-year payback with 50-75% service coverage. For HD BEVs, with the exception of the Class 8 port drayage tractors, the 90% service coverage requires a 10-year or longer payback time, while the 50% service coverage needs a 7-8 year payback. Class 8 port drayage tractors should achieve no more than a 3.5 year payback with 50-75% service coverage. Thus, it indicates a highly feasible potential of class 3-6 MD vehicles to be electrified, and class 7-8 HD electrification applications seem feasible for short-distance service.
