Srijib K Mukherjee

Bio

Dr Mukherjee comes with 34 years of research, engineering, academic and management experience in Power Systems Operations, Power Generation Engineering, Transmission Planning, Energy Markets, Electrical Grid Resiliency and Distributed Generation of Power Systems. Srijib has an MBA in Finance from Duke University, Ph.D. and MS in Electrical Engineering from the University of Miami and a B.E. (Bachelor of Engineering, Electrical Power Engineering) from The Manipal Institute of Technology. He has a Joint Faculty, Professor appointment with the University of Tennessee's and Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Bredesen Center. Srijib’ s research and engineering interests are in the technologies surrounding autonomous cars, electric charging infrastructure and energy storage. His experience spans 14 years with US electric utilities (CP&L/Duke Energy, Nevada Power/NV Energy, and FP&L/NextEra Energy), 13 years with various technical and management energy consulting firms (Quanta Technology/Quanta Services, Pike Electric and Mott MacDonald), 10 years as an Adjunct and Research Faculty member at The University of North Carolina, Charlotte and The University of Tennessee, Bredesen Center and 4 years with Government Agencies (NOAA and ORNL). He has published over 24 peer reviewed, refereed research papers in various journals and conferences, 9 DOE technical reports at The Office of Science and Technical Information (OSTI) and has 2 patents and 1 invention disclosure under patent application. He is also a veteran Program Evaluator (PEV) for the Accreditation Board of Engineering Technology (ABET) and is an Alternate Board Member of the IEEE Committee on Engineering Accreditation Activities (IEEE CEAA). Additionally, he is licensed to practice engineering as a Professional Engineer (P.E.) in the States of NC, NV and CA and licensed to operate the US Grid as a NERC Certified System Operator. Srijib has mentored advised and chaired 10 Ph.D. and master’s student’s thesis committees in Energy Science and Power Systems research.  He volunteers his time to tutor high school math (Algebra, Geometry and AP Calculus) to low-income students in his school district. He is a parent with two college age children (one in law school and the other a cadet for the US Air Force). He enjoys gardening, tennis, and non-fiction books.

• Editorial Board, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2023-24
• National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE), State Delegate and Board Member, 2022-24
• University of Tennessee, Outstanding Faculty Mentor, 2022
• Joint Faculty Appointment, University of Tennessee, Bredesen Center
• Alternate Board Member IEEE Committee on Engineering Accreditation Activities
• ABET Accreditation Board for Engineering Technology - Program Evaluator, 2012 - Present
• Duke University, Fuqua Alumni Council, 2004 - 2009
• NC State University FREEDM Center, Education Advisory Board, 2009
• University of Miami, College of Engineering, Industry Advisory Board, 2012 
• Manipal University, Distinguished Alumnus Award, 2014
• Quanta Technology, Service Award for Exceptional Dedication, 2011
• IEEE Chair, PES Eastern NC, 2001-02
• IEEE, Power Engineering Society Outstanding Engineer, 2001
• IEEE, PICA System Restoration contest winner, 1999
• IEEE, Senior Member, nominated in 2001
• Inducted into Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society (Florida Beta), 1989
• Inducted into Eta Kappa Nu Electrical Engineering Honor Society, 1990
• Undergraduate: First Class with Distinction, Class Rank: 3^rd , Electrical Engr. Manipal Inst. of Technology, 1989
• Duke of Edinburgh Award Scheme (DEAS), Gold Award, St. Paul's School Darjeeling, India, 1983
• Collegiate swim team captain, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India, 1987
• Varsity track and field team captain, St. Paul's School, Darjeeling, India,1983

PUBLICATIONS:

• Sun H., Li. F, Sticht C., Mukherjee S., “Circular Trajectory Approach for Online Sinusoidal Signal Distortion Monitoring and Visualization” Early Access Publication, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/TSG.2022.3156364 , Abstract - The increasing complexity and uncertainties of modern power systems are placing greater demands on signal monitoring techniques. This work proposes the Circular Trajectory Approach (CTA) for online sinusoidal signal distortion monitoring and visualization. CTA can detect distortions of a sinusoidal signal. Compared with existing waveform anomaly detection techniques, CTA is faster in detection and less computation intensive. It thus supports edge devices and online applications. CTA also offers a new means of sinusoidal signal distortion visualization. It can reveal the distorted sections in a sinusoidal cycle and clearly display the distortions. The proposed approach is tested on real data from an open source EPRI dataset. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9726779

• Pumped Storage Hydropower Valuation Guidebook A Cost-Benefit and Decision Analysis Valuation Framework, US Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (US DOE EERE), Publication: March 22, 2021. Abstract: As an energy storage technology, pumped storage hydropower (PSH) supports various aspects of power system operations. However, determining the value of PSH plants and their many services and contributions to the system has been a challenge. While there is a general understanding that PSH resources provide many services and benefits for the operation of power systems, estimating the value of these services—and especially the monetary value of some of those services—has been a challenge. The objective of this project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Water Power Technologies Office (WPTO), is to advance the state of the art in assessing the value of PSH plants and their contributions to the power system. The specific goal is to develop detailed, step-by-step valuation guidance that PSH developers, plant owners or operators, and other stakeholders can use to assess the value of existing or potential new PSH plants and their services. The specific goals of this project are: (1) to develop comprehensive and transparent valuation guidance that will support consistent valuation assessments and comparisons of PSH projects or project design alternatives, (2) to test the PSH valuation guidance and its underlying methodology by applying it to two selected PSH projects, and (3) to transfer and disseminate the PSH valuation guidance to the hydropower industry, PSH developers, and other stakeholders. The authors believe that the application of a consistent, transparent, and repeatable valuation process will advance valuation assessments and allow stakeholders to compare valuation analyses performed for different PSH projects or design alternatives. It will also increase the acceptance of valuation results and enable better understanding of the true value that PSH technology brings to the grid. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1770766

• The Economic Accessibility of CO2 Sequestration through Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) in the US. Publication Date: August 27, 2020, Publication Description: LAND Journal. Abstract: Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is one strategy to remove CO₂ from the atmosphere. To assess the potential scale and cost of CO₂ sequestration from BECCS in the US, this analysis models carbon sequestration net of supply chain emissions and costs of biomass production, delivery, power generation, and CO₂ capture and sequestration in saline formations. The analysis includes two biomass supply scenarios (near-term and long-term), two biomass logistics scenarios (conventional and pelletized), and two generation technologies (pulverized combustion and integrated gasification combined cycle). Results show marginal cost per tonne CO₂ (accounting for costs of electricity and CO₂ emissions of reference power generation scenarios) as a function of CO₂ sequestered (simulating capture of up to 90% of total CO₂ sequestration potential) and associated spatial distribution of resources and generation locations for the array of scenario options. Under a near-term scenario using up to 206 million tonnes per year of biomass, up to 181 million tonnes CO₂ can be sequestered annually at scenario-average costs ranging from $62 to $137 per tonne CO₂; under a long-term scenario using up to 740 million tonnes per year of biomass, up to 737 million tonnes CO₂ can be sequestered annually at scenario-average costs ranging from $42 to $92 per tonne CO₂. These estimates of CO₂ sequestration potential may be reduced if future competing demand reduces resource availability or may be increased if displaced emissions from conventional power sources are included. Results suggest there are large-scale opportunities to implement BECCS at moderate cost in the US, particularly in the Midwest, Plains States, and Texas. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/9/299

• Adaptive Capacitor Switching for Wind Generation

  Publication Date: Jul 6, 2017  publication description: IEEE Industrial Application Society

  Abstract – In this study an adaptive capacitor switching algorithm is developed to optimize the use of the switched capacitors as the availability and output of individual wind turbines change within wind farms. Wind farms are typically required to be able to operate within a power factor range of ± 0.95. To achieve this range of operation, switched capacitor banks are used to supply bulk reactive power to the system when the generators near their reactive power limits. The capacitor control logic must be carefully chosen to optimize the use of the switched capacitors for all operating conditions and prevent repetitive switching as the wind generators react to the capacitors reactive power generation. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8101850

• Applying the Distribution System in Grid Restoration/NERC CIP-014 Risk Assessment

  Publication Date: Apr 21, 2015  publication description: IEEE

  Abstract: The classic approach in bulk power system restoration plans requires defining a black start unit and a crank path from the transmission system while integrating the use of the distribution system as a way of supporting the grid (switching, load reductions, shifting load, renewables and other restoration techniques). In short, to get as many customers restored with service as quickly as possible. This paper explores and identifies realistic and optimal ways in which an electric grid may possibly restore service to the grid from the distribution system with distributed resources. The paper considers risk assessments that have been defined by NERC Standard, CIP-014-1 on Physical Security if such a restoration plan is considered. The paper identifies innovative techniques on restoring service from MicroGrids or Distributed Generation (DG) resources and the risk impacts surrounding it. Additionally, it considers the potential impacts of reverse power flow to the transmission system from distributed resources considering the risk and safety impacts of islanding Distributed Energy Resources (DER's).

  Applying the Distribution System in Grid Restoration/NERC CIP-014 Risk Assessment

• Frequency response and dynamic power balancing in wind and solar generation

  Publication Date: Jul 20, 2011  publication description: IEEE

  Abstract: Large scale deployment of renewable resources introduces significant complexity in performing load balancing and ACE/frequency regulation. Wind and solar energy are intermittent which may diminish rapidly while system load is increasing. This operating condition places an additional burden on conventional resources that are on-line and available for load balancing and ACE/frequency regulation to meet the challenges surrounding the aspects of uncertainty and variability that come with having variable generation in the system. There are two major attributes of intermittent generation that notably impact system operations - variability (generation changes according to the availability of the primary fuel, i.e. - wind or sunlight in this case resulting in swings of the plant output) and uncertainty (magnitude and time of the generation output is unpredictable). While variability is more of a function of regulation …

• Frequency response and dynamic power balancing in wind and solar generation

• Frequency and Dynamic Power Balancing in Wind and Solar Generation

  Publication Date: Jul 10, 2011  publication description: IEEE Power Engineering Society

  Abstract—Large scale deployment of renewable resources introduces significant complexity in performing load balancing and ACE/frequency regulation. Wind and solar energy are intermittent which may diminish rapidly while system load is increasing. This operating condition places an additional burden on conventional resources that are on-line and available for load balancing and ACE/frequency regulation to meet the challenges surrounding the aspects of uncertainty and variability that come with having variable generation in the system. There are two major attributes of intermittent generation that notably impact system operations – variability (generation changes according to the availability of the primary fuel, i.e. – wind or sunlight in this case resulting in swings of the plant output) and uncertainty (magnitude and time of the generation output is unpredictable). While variability is more of a function of regulation, uncertainty can be aligned more to the need for ramping requirements. The objective of this paper will be to understand the feasibility of ramp rate limits within the present CAISO’s conventional generation fleet to meet renewable requirements in 2020 and determine the additional ramp capability required with the integration of renewables to CAISO footprint. Moreover, statistical analysis will be done to characterize the ramp effects and determine the worst hourly changes with renewable energy penetration.

• Large Scale Renewable Energy Integration–Recent Experiences in the USA

  Publication Date: Jul 1, 2011  publication description: IEEE

  Abstract: This paper will discuss recent large-scale, renewable energy integration efforts in the US. The first project is with Southwest Power Pool (SPP) EHV, which developed a system transmission plan to integrate up to 30 GWs of wind resources. For this project, a screening tool was developed that rapidly identified and assessed alternatives to alleviate heavily constrained facilities. The method allowed consideration of thousands to evaluate solutions over a five state region in the South Central US. The second planning project is the SMARTransmission project, which developed transmission alternative to integrate in excess of 50 GWs of wind in 11 states. Unique to this project was the projection the wind energy requirements and use of economic analysis to assess the overall societal benefits of each alternative. The final project is the Southern California Edison project that considered the impact of the variation of large concentrations of renewable energy. The analysis included a focus on variability and uncertainty.

  Large Scale Renewable Energy Integration–Recent Experiences in the USA

• Screening of load patterns and transmission planning alternatives using decision trees

  Publication Date: Aug 19, 2007  publication description: IEEE

  Abstract:
  The idea of using power system models in problem solving and decision analysis is really not new, and is certainly not tied to the use of computers. At some point, all of us have used a modeling approach to make a decision. A typical decision tree is used to identify a strategy most likely to reach a goal. This paper describes two methodologies for finding optimal solutions to budgeting and planning processes with the use of decision trees. The first methodology describes Load Patterns for building better load profiles for generators that may help a Plant Manager to optimally budget the operating costs of a generating unit. A second methodology shows a process of screening Transmission alternatives for identifying optimal solutions based on cost and network security. Decision Trees help make good decisions, but cannot guarantee that good outcomes will always occur as a result of those decisions. However, using a structured modeling approach to decision making should produce good outcomes more frequently than making decisions in a more haphazard manner.

  Screening of load patterns and transmission planning alternatives using decision trees

• Massive Deployment of Wind Generation: Dynamics and its Impact on Power Grid Operations

  Publication Date: Aug 1, 2007  publication description: IREP - Bulk Power Systems Dynamics and Controls Conference

• A homomorphic approach to Companding

  Publication Date: Oct 31, 1994  publication description: IEEE

  Abstract:
  The procedure of first COMpressing and then exPANDing a signal is known as "companding". In pulse code modulation systems, commonly used in telephone switching networks, samples of an analog speech waveform are encoded as binary words and transmitted. Large dynamic range speech is most efficiently encoded and transmitted if the amplitude of the waveform is compressed before transmission and then expanded at the receiver. The paper describes a homomorphic approach to companding. It reviews and illustrates how these signals are processed and used in speech processing and communication networks

  A homomorphic approach to companding

• Voltage monitoring by linear programming based optimization

  Publication Date: May 10, 1992  publication description: IEEE

  Abstract: A two-level technique for power plant voltage monitoring and control is extended using linear-programming-based optimization. A five-bus system is considered, taking all branch and link flows into account. Bus 1 is assumed to be the slack bus, and initial load flow solutions are achieved by the Gauss-Seidel method using the Y bus with tolerances of 0.0001 per unit for both the real and the imaginary components of voltage. This is further modified by the Newton-Raphson method using the Y bus with tolerances of 0.01 per unit for the changes in the real and reactive bus powers. Results show that convergence is achieved within one iteration with considerable reduction in CPU time

  Voltage monitoring by linear programming based optimization

• Optimal power flow by linear programming based optimization

  Publication Date: Apr 12, 1992  publication description: IEEE

  Abstract - Electric utilities in the United States utilize various linear programming techniques to achieve optimal power flow. The authors extend one such technique of linear programming based optimization for optimal power flow. Constraints for the slack bus are introduced and all branch and link flows are taken into account. This automatically puts each bus in the same flow state, thereby optimizing the entire system. Results show that a 220 kV five-bus system convergence within one iteration was achieved with a considerable reduction in CPU time. The technique has been recommended to Florida Power and Light Company's Power System Control Division and has proved successful for a 15 bus system using real-time data.

• Large scale renewable energy integration. Recent experiences in the USA

          Publication description: US DOE Office of Science and Technology. Abstract: This paper will discuss recent large-scale, renewable energy integration efforts in the US. The first project is with Southwest Power Pool (SPP) EHV, which developed a system transmission plan to integrate up to 30 GWs of wind resources. For this  project, a screening tool was developed that rapidly identified and assessed alternatives to alleviate heavily constrained facilities. The method allowed consideration of thousands to evaluate solutions over a five state region in the South Central US. The second planning project is the SMARTransmission project, which developed transmission alternative to integrate in excess of 50    GWs of wind in 11 states. Unique to this project was the projection the wind energy requirements and use of economic analysis to  assess the overall societal benefits of each alternative. The final project is the Southern California Edison project that considered the impact of the variation of large concentrations of renewable energy. The analysis included a focus on variability and uncertainty. 

     Large scale renewable energy integration. Recent experiences in the USA

Mukherjee, Srijib Kantha. Optimal Power Flow as Applied to Florida Power and Light Company, University of Miami),  Electrical and Computer Engineering Thesis, Otto G.Richter, Theses Catalogues 1991.

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