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Comparison between the intensity with laser excitation (blue solid line) and at equilibrium (red dashed line) integrated over a short range of Q vectors (left panel). The right panel shows the Q resolved difference in intensity between the laser excited and in-equilibrium structure factor maps. Excess magnon population was created by laser excitations.
Scientific Achievement: Laser pumping combined with inelastic neutron scattering reveals long-living nonequilibrium magnons in a 2D Heisenberg antiferromagnet that break detailed balance in the structure factor and form steady states under periodic driving, analogous to driven dissipative nonequilibrium systems.
Significance and Impact: This work opens a previously unexplored frontier: momentum- and energy-resolved studies of dissipative quantum dynamics at milli-electron-volt energy and microsecond time scales.
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