Applying synthetic biology to biotechnology and environmental challenges
Scientists working in the Synthetic Biology Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory develop and apply principles and techniques for biosystems design to engineer plants, bacteria, and fungi for a range of biotechnology and environmental applications. By developing and optimizing genetic tools for non-model organisms and biofuel crops, researchers in this group drive innovations that enhance bioenergy production, improve bioproduct synthesis, and address environmental challenges.
Scientists in the Synthetic Biology Group develop advanced genetic editing tools to modify microbes, rapidly accelerating the design of custom microbes for a variety of applications. Credit: Carlos Jones /ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy
One of the group’s key research areas involves developing advanced genetic tools to modify non-model microbes. Unlike well-studied model organisms such as E. coli and yeast, many microbes with promising industrial applications are difficult to grow in laboratory conditions. These non-model microbes exhibit unique metabolic capabilities that can be harnessed for biotechnological advancements, including:
- converting plant biomass into biofuels
- producing high-value chemicals
- breaking down environmental pollutants
- mining critical minerals and materials
By improving the ability to genetically manipulate these microbes, researchers are unlocking new pathways for reliable bioprocessing and waste reduction.
Microbiologists study microbes that exhibit unique metabolic characteristics, that could be harnessed for advancing biotechnologies for various applications, such as producing high value chemicals and materials. Credit: Carlos Jones /ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy
In addition to microbial engineering, the group focuses on improving biofuel feedstocks through plant genome editing and metabolic pathway modifications. By enhancing genetic traits that contribute to disease resistance, drought tolerance, and greater biomass yields, researchers are developing hardier and more productive bioenergy crops. Key species studied include poplar and switchgrass, along with other promising feedstocks. By identifying the function of critical genes and optimizing plant metabolism, scientists are working toward the creation of better crops that can thrive in diverse environments.
Beyond individual organisms, the researchers also investigate biosystems at the ecosystem level, studying interactions between plants, microbes, and environmental conditions. These holistic approaches ensure that advancements in biotechnology continue to contribute to broader energy and environmental goals, supporting a resilient and thriving bioeconomy.
