1. Networked Microgrids and Transactive Controls; 2. Using Fish Ear Bones to Understand Biomineralization

1. Controlling electrical distribution systems with large numbers of distributed energy resources is a unique, complex problem. Utilizing networked microgrids and transactive controls, it is possible to improve efficiency and resiliency of the electric system, but it requires a fundamental change in the way distribution systems operate today. Ben Ollis will discuss ORNL’s innovative research on these topics, including our work with Southern Company on smart neighborhoods in Alabama and Georgia.

2. Otoliths, the calcium carbonate ear bones of fish, are particularly interesting biological structures due to their ability to incorporate spatially informative trace elements from a fish’s habitat within daily to annual growth rings— much like rings of a tree— that also allow for temporal interpretation of elemental signatures. Most otoliths are composed of the calcium carbonate polymorph aragonite, but some otoliths are made of calcite, vaterite, or any combination of the three polymorphs. These polymorphs affect trace element interpretation, but they also provide information on biomineral growth and formation. Currently, the biotic and abiotic factors affecting otolith composition are elusive; however, these factors can be teased apart by assessing the bulk composition and spatial distribution of CaCO₃  polymorphs in otoliths. ORNL's Brenda Pracheil will discuss her research on this topic.