Characterizing biomass to produce fuels, materials, and chemicals
Scientists in Biomaterials and Biomass Characterization Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory conduct interdisciplinary research to support mission-critical goals for the Department of Energy. The group's research addresses pressing scientific challenges in biological and environmental sciences, as well as other strategic fields, with a strong emphasis on innovation and technology development.
Since biomass is used as an energy source via combustion, fermentation or conversion to biofuels, the detailed characterization of the source material is essential. A central focus of the research involves the fundamental characterization and understanding of plant cell wall components, including polysaccharides and lignin. Using advanced analytical techniques, particularly laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, researchers characterize plant biomass and explore processes involved in converting biomass into energy and bioproducts. These studies provide critical insights that are instrumental in developing technologies aimed at efficiently converting plant biomass into valuable bio-chemicals and advanced bioderived materials, especially for optimizing biomass conversion techniques to enhance efficiency in biofuel production. In addition, researchers explore recycling and upcycling strategies for polymers, transforming waste materials into valuable new products. Ongoing efforts enhance not only the fundamental science of plant biology but also translate discoveries into applications for industry, supporting economic prosperity and American competitiveness.
Using innovative analytical techniques — such as laser and magnetic resonance spectroscopy — scientists unravel plant biomass composition, significantly improving the efficiency of converting biomass into fuels, chemicals, and advanced materials. Credit: Carlos Jones/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy
The team specializes in characterizing bioderived materials, including new 3D-printed polymers and composite materials. These advanced materials offer potential applications across various industries, from manufacturing to biomedical engineering. Researchers also characterize a wide range of other chemicals and materials, including specialized analysis of nuclear materials, and employ laser spectroscopy to detect rare earth elements, which are critical components in modern technology and energy applications.
The multidisciplinary team combines expertise from physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, materials engineering, microbiology, biochemistry, laser spectroscopy, and plant anatomy and physiology. This integrated approach, in addition to state-of-the-art technologies, enables the team to push the boundaries of scientific knowledge and technological innovation and drive advancements in energy and innovative material solutions.
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Group Leader, Biomaterials and Biomass Characterization Group