Abstract
Hybrid lead-halide perovskites (LHPs) are semiconductors with novel properties that are distinctively governed by structural fluctuations. Diffraction experiments sensitive to long-range order reveal a cubic structure in the device-relevant, high-temperature phase. Local probes find additional short-range order with lower symmetry that may govern structure-function relationships. However, our understanding is impeded by unresolved dimensionality, participating atoms, and dynamics of short-range order. Here, we determine the true structure of two hybrid LHPs, CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbBr3, using a combination of single-crystal diffuse scattering, neutron inelastic spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. The remarkable collective dynamics, not observed in previous studies, consist of a network of local, two-dimensional, circular regions of dynamically tilting lead-halide octahedra (lower symmetry) that induce longer-range intermolecular CH3NH+3 correlations. The dynamic local structure may introduce transient ferroelectric or antiferroelectric domains that increase charge carrier lifetimes and strongly affect halide migration, a poorly understood degradation mechanism.
