It’s been 10 years since the US Department of Energy first established a BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and researcher Gerald “Jerry” Tuskan has used that time and the lab’s and center’s resources and tools to make good on his college dreams of using genomics to study and improve plant species.
Now he is getting ready to lead the new Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI) at ORNL, a DOE Bioenergy Research Center that will launch in FY2018 with the mission of accelerating the development of specialty plants and processes for a new generation of biofuels and bioproducts. CBI will follow on the success of BESC, which has demonstrated scientific breakthroughs in the mission to overcome the natural resistance of plants to being broken down and converted into useful bioproducts.
Tuskan will serve as chief executive office of CBI, leading a team of researchers from ORNL, other national labs, universities, and private industry as they pursue a host of new technologies to alleviate critical cost barriers to sustainable, economically viable production of biobased products and advanced biofuels.
In his work with BESC, Tuskan, a Corporate Fellow and currently group lead for Plant Systems Biology at ORNL, and his fellow researchers took a cue from the sequencing of the human genome to advance the work of determining how plant DNA can affect physical traits, or phenotypes. With the help of ORNL’s advanced computing resources, the scientists have resequenced about 1,000 undomesticated genotypes of the fast-growing perennial poplar tree.
The researchers have identified 10s of millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs, giving the scientists “unprecedented statistical power to link DNA changes to phenotypes of interest,” Tuskan said.
The result is the Populus Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) dataset —about 17 terabytes’ worth of raw data— that scientists are using to find ways to overcome the natural resistance of plants to being broken down to simple sugars, a trait known as recalcitrance, for biofuels production.
“Sequencing capacity and computational abilities have rapidly advanced in recent years, making such work possible, said Tuskan.
Having a background in genetics allowed him “to translate how sequencing and computational technologies could be used to address DOE research areas in biofuels production, bioprocessing, and materials sciences,” said Tuskan, who also holds a joint appointment at DOE’s Joint Genome Institute in California where he is on the leadership team for the Plant Sciences program.
In addition to identifying genes related to recalcitrance, Tuskan and other scientists at the lab hope to use the knowledge to produce specialty fuels such as C4 alcohols and esters. With more study of the molecular mechanisms controlling the deposition of lignin, or the polymer that reinforces plant cell walls, the researchers also want to develop customized lignin that could be used in chemical, polymer, and materials production. This could be used to create insulating foams, improved carbon fiber for lightweight vehicles, or replacements for plastics used in consumer products, all part of a growing bio-based economy, Tuskan explained.
Tuskan became interested in his field of study while taking a genetics course as a sophomore at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff. “The professor, Dr. Oliver Johnson, was just fantastic, and I sat in class dreaming about what we could do. At that point I knew the direction I would like to take my career, and it’s been one step after another since then.
Tuskan received his BS in forest management from the school, later earning an MS in forest genetics at Mississippi State University and a PhD in genetics from Texas A&M. He began his work at ORNL in 1990 as a research scientist in the Environmental Sciences Division.
In his time away from the lab, Jerry enjoys playing music—on guitar, bass, and mandolin—and uses these skills in his church choir. He also enjoys local hiking and camping.
Editor's note: reposting to include Center for Bioenergy Innovation announcement.