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Schematic of PLD of a-BN on monolayer graphene. A 248 nm laser ablates the BN target, creating a plasma plume. The fast ions are slowed by background gas scattering as measured by an ion probe. In situ Raman spectroscopy monitors the graphene ML to confirm damage-free encapsulation.
Scientific Achievement: Ion flux diagnostics combined with in-situ Raman spectroscopy revealed that damage to monolayer (ML) graphene during pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of a protective layer is primarily driven by fast ions, and that their elimination results in damage free encapsulation of the 2D ML.
Significance and Impact: This work establishes PLD as a scalable method for damage-free integration of 2D MLs into practical electronic, optoelectronic, and quantum devices.
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