Flexible Grid-Integrated Distributed Technologies (FLEX-GRID) Review for Energy Security

Abstract

Electricity demand is increasing due to increasing use in new buildings and digital infrastructure, creating a need for flexible capacity in power systems. Flexible, grid integrated distributed technologies (FLEX-GRID) are gaining attention as one approach to coordinate distributed technologies to support system flexibility. This paper examines how distribution-level FLEX-GRID platforms coordinate distributed technologies and the system benefits these deployments have demonstrated. It first describes the operational architecture of FLEX-GRID platforms, including aggregation platforms, control strategies, communications systems, and measurement and verification approaches that enable distributed technologies to function as dispatchable assets. The paper then reviews recent FLEX-GRID deployments in the United States. Finally, it discusses technical and institutional barriers that influence broader adoption of stakeholders’ engagement plans for the FLEX-GRID platforms and outlines practical solutions emerging from existing programs. Results indicate that coordinated distributed technologies can enable buildings and communities to actively contribute to grid reliability, energy affordability, and energy security.