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The Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory has received funding from DOE’s Exascale Computing Project (ECP) to develop applications for future exascale systems that will be 50 to 100 times more powerful than today’s fastest supercomputers. 

Vanadium atoms (blue) have unusually large thermal vibrations that stabilize the metallic state of a vanadium dioxide crystal. Red depicts oxygen atoms.

For more than 50 years, scientists have debated what turns particular oxide insulators, in which electrons barely move, into metals, in which electrons flow freely.