161. Genome Sequencing and Analysis 

G. J. Olsen, C. I. Reich, N. C. Kyrpides, J. H. Badger, D. E. Graham, P. J. Haney, L. K. McNeil, G. M. Colón González, A. A. Best, B. P. Kaine, and C. R. Woese 
Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801  
carl@ninja.life.uiuc.edu 

Our work is directed toward the sequencing and interpretation of selected microbial genomes, and has several components. 

To study the sequence basis of thermal adaptation, we have been comparing the proteins encoded in the genome of Methanococcus jannaschii (an extreme thermophile) with those of related mesophiles. We have documented specific amino acid changes correlated with the difference in organismal growth temperatures, as well as systematic changes in amino acid properties. These trends are recurring themes; they are observed in 82-93% of all compete protein sequences analyzed. To generate more data for this comparative analysis, we have prepared sequencing quality genomic DNA libraries from Methanococcus maripaludis, and have started partially sequencing clones from this library (this sequencing is supported by NASA). 

To ensure the availability of data from key (diverse) eukaryotic microorganisms, we have prepared sequencing quality genomic DNA libraries for Giardia lamblia. These libraries are being used by Mitchell L. Sogin (Marine Biology Laboratory) to generate a nearly complete genome sequence for this organism (this sequencing is supported by the NIH). These data will be critical to understanding the origins of eukaryotes and their unique cellular organization. 

The sequence data resulting from our participation in the Microbial Genome Initiative has stimulated additional research in our laboratories. Specifically: 

1. We have continued to make new gene identifications in the sequenced genomes; 

2. We have begun an experimental verification of the function of some novel RNA methylase genes; 

3. We have cloned and expressed RNA polymerase genes and transcription initiation factors from the Archaea and have experimentally identified new protein-protein interactions in the transcription apparatus; and  

4. We have entered into a collaboration with Carol Giometti (Argonne to National Laboratory) and Michael Adams (University of Georgia, Athens) study the proteomes of Methanococcus jannaschii and Pyrococcus furiosus.